BML-600S/600M/600L
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High Efficiency, High Precision, Time-Saving
Twin-spindles and single-turret plus X/Y/Z-axis motion
Suitable for processing complex workpieces
Capacity
Max. Swing over bed:Ø600 mm/
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø450 mm/
Max.Turning diameter:Ø420 mm/
Max. Working Length:560 mm(OPT:8")/540 mm(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:763 mm
Travel
X axis travel:210+20 mm
Z axis travel:600 mm(8")/590 mm(OPT:10")
C-axis (Optional):360˚(0.001˚)
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø100 mm(A2-6)/Ø120 mm(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø52 mm(A2-6)/Ø75 mm(OPT:A2-8)
Chuck size:8"/OPT:10"
Turret
Type:Hydraulic
Number of tool stations:10 pcs
Tool shank size:25x25
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø40 mm
Tailstock
Tailstock Travel:500 mm
Quill Dia.:Ø85 mm
Quill Travel:120 mm
Taper of Center:MT5
Tailstock orientation:Automatic
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.8 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:26 KVA
Max. Swing over bed:Ø600 mm/
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø450 mm/
Max.Turning diameter:Ø420 mm/
Max. Working Length:560 mm(OPT:8")/540 mm(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:763 mm
Travel
X axis travel:210+20 mm
Z axis travel:600 mm(8")/590 mm(OPT:10")
C-axis (Optional):360˚(0.001˚)
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø100 mm(A2-6)/Ø120 mm(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø52 mm(A2-6)/Ø75 mm(OPT:A2-8)
Chuck size:8"/OPT:10"
Turret
Type:Hydraulic
Number of tool stations:10 pcs
Tool shank size:25x25
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø40 mm
Tailstock
Tailstock Travel:500 mm
Quill Dia.:Ø85 mm
Quill Travel:120 mm
Taper of Center:MT5
Tailstock orientation:Automatic
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.8 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:26 KVA
Capacity
Paired with: BMT65 Turret
Max. Swing over bed:Ø600 mm
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø450 mm
Max.Turning diameter:Ø380 mm
Max. Working Length:480 mm(8")/470 mm(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:753 mm(8")/743 mm(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel:190+16 mm
Y axis travel:±50 mm
Z axis travel:525 mm
C-axis:360˚(0.001˚)
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50-4,500 rpm(8")/50~3,500(OPT:10")
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø100 mm(8")/Ø120 mm(OPT:10")
Max. Bar capacity:Ø52 mm
Chuck size:8"/OPT:10"
Turret
Type:Live-tooling
Number of tool stations:12 pcs
Tool shank size:25x25
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø40 mm
Tailstock
Tailstock Travel:450 mm
Quill Dia.:Ø85 mm
Quill Travel:120 mm
Taper of Center:MT5
Tailstock orientation:Automatic
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Paired with: BMT65 Turret
Max. Swing over bed:Ø600 mm
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø450 mm
Max.Turning diameter:Ø380 mm
Max. Working Length:480 mm(8")/470 mm(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:753 mm(8")/743 mm(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel:190+16 mm
Y axis travel:±50 mm
Z axis travel:525 mm
C-axis:360˚(0.001˚)
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50-4,500 rpm(8")/50~3,500(OPT:10")
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø100 mm(8")/Ø120 mm(OPT:10")
Max. Bar capacity:Ø52 mm
Chuck size:8"/OPT:10"
Turret
Type:Live-tooling
Number of tool stations:12 pcs
Tool shank size:25x25
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø40 mm
Tailstock
Tailstock Travel:450 mm
Quill Dia.:Ø85 mm
Quill Travel:120 mm
Taper of Center:MT5
Tailstock orientation:Automatic
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Capacity
Max. Swing over bed:Ø600 mm
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø450 mm
Max.Turning diameter:Ø420 mm
Max. Working Length:STD:475 mm(8”) /565 mm(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:744 mm(8")/734 mm(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel:210+20 mm
Z axis travel:600 mm
C-axis:360˚(0.001˚)
W axis travel:450 mm
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø100 mm(A2-6)/Ø120 mm(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø52 mm
Sub Spindle Front bearing I.D:Ø80 mm
Sub Spindle Max. Bar capacity:Ø45 mm
Chuck size:STD:8"+6”(W)/OPT:10”+6”(W)
Turret
Type:Hydraulic
Number of tool stations:10 pcs
Tool shank size:25x25
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø40 mm
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Sub Spindle motor power:5.5/7.5 Kw Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Max. Swing over bed:Ø600 mm
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø450 mm
Max.Turning diameter:Ø420 mm
Max. Working Length:STD:475 mm(8”) /565 mm(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:744 mm(8")/734 mm(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel:210+20 mm
Z axis travel:600 mm
C-axis:360˚(0.001˚)
W axis travel:450 mm
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø100 mm(A2-6)/Ø120 mm(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø52 mm
Sub Spindle Front bearing I.D:Ø80 mm
Sub Spindle Max. Bar capacity:Ø45 mm
Chuck size:STD:8"+6”(W)/OPT:10”+6”(W)
Turret
Type:Hydraulic
Number of tool stations:10 pcs
Tool shank size:25x25
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø40 mm
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Sub Spindle motor power:5.5/7.5 Kw Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Capacity
Paired with: BMT65 Turret
Max. Swing over bed:Ø600 mm
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø450 mm
Max.Turning diameter:Ø380 mm
Max. Working Length:STD:450 mm(8”)/440 mm(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:744 mm(8")/734 mm(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel:190+16 mm
Y axis travel:±50 mm
Z axis travel:450 mm
C-axis:360˚(0.001˚)
W axis travel :450 mm
Spindle
Spindle nose type:Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Sub Spindle:6000 rpm(A2-5)
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø100 mm(A2-6)/Ø120 mm(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø52 mm
Sub Spindle Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø80 mm
Sub Spindle Max. Bar capacity:Ø45 mm
Chuck size:STD:8"+6”(W)/OPT:10”+6”(W)
Turret
Type:Live-tooling
Number of tool stations:12 pcs
Tool shank size:25x25
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø40 mm
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Sub Spindle motor power:5.5/7.5 Kw Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Paired with: BMT65 Turret
Max. Swing over bed:Ø600 mm
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø450 mm
Max.Turning diameter:Ø380 mm
Max. Working Length:STD:450 mm(8”)/440 mm(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:744 mm(8")/734 mm(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel:190+16 mm
Y axis travel:±50 mm
Z axis travel:450 mm
C-axis:360˚(0.001˚)
W axis travel :450 mm
Spindle
Spindle nose type:Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Sub Spindle:6000 rpm(A2-5)
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø100 mm(A2-6)/Ø120 mm(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø52 mm
Sub Spindle Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø80 mm
Sub Spindle Max. Bar capacity:Ø45 mm
Chuck size:STD:8"+6”(W)/OPT:10”+6”(W)
Turret
Type:Live-tooling
Number of tool stations:12 pcs
Tool shank size:25x25
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø40 mm
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Sub Spindle motor power:5.5/7.5 Kw Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Capacity
Max. Swing over bed:Ø23.62 inch/
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø17.72 inch/
Max.Turning diameter:Ø16.54 inch/
Max. Working Length:22.05 inch(OPT:8")/21.26 inch(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:30.04 inch
Travel
X axis travel:8.27+0.79 inch
Z axis travel:23.62 inch(8")/23.23 inch(OPT:10")
C-axis (Optional):360˚(0.001˚)
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø3.94 inch(A2-6)/Ø4.73 inch(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø2.05 inch(A2-6)/Ø2.95 inch(OPT:A2-8)
Chuck size:8"/OPT:10"
Turret
Type:Hydraulic
Number of tool stations:10 pcs
Tool shank size:0.99x0.99
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø1.58 inch
Tailstock
Tailstock Travel:19.69 inch
Quill Dia.:Ø3.35 inch
Quill Travel:4.72 inch
Taper of Center:MT5
Tailstock orientation:Automatic
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.8 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:26 KVA
Max. Swing over bed:Ø23.62 inch/
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø17.72 inch/
Max.Turning diameter:Ø16.54 inch/
Max. Working Length:22.05 inch(OPT:8")/21.26 inch(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:30.04 inch
Travel
X axis travel:8.27+0.79 inch
Z axis travel:23.62 inch(8")/23.23 inch(OPT:10")
C-axis (Optional):360˚(0.001˚)
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø3.94 inch(A2-6)/Ø4.73 inch(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø2.05 inch(A2-6)/Ø2.95 inch(OPT:A2-8)
Chuck size:8"/OPT:10"
Turret
Type:Hydraulic
Number of tool stations:10 pcs
Tool shank size:0.99x0.99
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø1.58 inch
Tailstock
Tailstock Travel:19.69 inch
Quill Dia.:Ø3.35 inch
Quill Travel:4.72 inch
Taper of Center:MT5
Tailstock orientation:Automatic
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.8 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:26 KVA
Capacity
Paired with: BMT65 Turret
Max. Swing over bed:Ø23.62 inch
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø17.72 inch
Max.Turning diameter:Ø14.96 inch
Max. Working Length:18.9 inch(8")/18.5 inch(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:29.65 inch(8")/29.25 inch(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel:7.48+0.63 inch
Y axis travel:±1.97 inch
Z axis travel:20.67 inch
C-axis:360˚(0.001˚)
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50-4,500 rpm(8")/50~3,500(OPT:10")
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø3.94 inch(8")/Ø4.73 inch(OPT:10")
Max. Bar capacity:Ø2.05 inch
Chuck size:8"/OPT:10"
Turret
Type:Live-tooling
Number of tool stations:12 pcs
Tool shank size:0.99x0.99
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø1.58 inch
Tailstock
Tailstock Travel:17.72 inch
Quill Dia.:Ø3.35 inch
Quill Travel:4.73 inch
Taper of Center:MT5
Tailstock orientation:Automatic
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Paired with: BMT65 Turret
Max. Swing over bed:Ø23.62 inch
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø17.72 inch
Max.Turning diameter:Ø14.96 inch
Max. Working Length:18.9 inch(8")/18.5 inch(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:29.65 inch(8")/29.25 inch(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel:7.48+0.63 inch
Y axis travel:±1.97 inch
Z axis travel:20.67 inch
C-axis:360˚(0.001˚)
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50-4,500 rpm(8")/50~3,500(OPT:10")
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø3.94 inch(8")/Ø4.73 inch(OPT:10")
Max. Bar capacity:Ø2.05 inch
Chuck size:8"/OPT:10"
Turret
Type:Live-tooling
Number of tool stations:12 pcs
Tool shank size:0.99x0.99
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø1.58 inch
Tailstock
Tailstock Travel:17.72 inch
Quill Dia.:Ø3.35 inch
Quill Travel:4.73 inch
Taper of Center:MT5
Tailstock orientation:Automatic
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Capacity
Max. Swing over bed:Ø23.62 inch
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø17.72 inch
Max.Turning diameter:Ø16.54 inch
Max. Working Length:STD:18.7 inch(8”)/22.25 inch(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:29.29 inch(8")/28.9 inch(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel :8.27+0.79 inch
Z axis travel:23.62 inch
C-axis :360˚(0.001˚)
W axis travel:17.72 inch
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø3.94 inch(A2-6)/Ø4.73 inch(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø2.05 inch
Sub Spindle Front bearing I.D:Ø3.15 inch
Sub Spindle Max. Bar capacity:Ø1.77 inch
Chuck size:STD: 8"+6”(W)/OPT:10”+6”(W)
Turret
Type:Hydraulic
Number of tool stations:10 pcs
Tool shank size:0.99x0.99
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø1.58 inch
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Sub Spindle motor power:5.5/7.5 Kw Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Max. Swing over bed:Ø23.62 inch
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø17.72 inch
Max.Turning diameter:Ø16.54 inch
Max. Working Length:STD:18.7 inch(8”)/22.25 inch(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:29.29 inch(8")/28.9 inch(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel :8.27+0.79 inch
Z axis travel:23.62 inch
C-axis :360˚(0.001˚)
W axis travel:17.72 inch
Spindle
Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø3.94 inch(A2-6)/Ø4.73 inch(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø2.05 inch
Sub Spindle Front bearing I.D:Ø3.15 inch
Sub Spindle Max. Bar capacity:Ø1.77 inch
Chuck size:STD: 8"+6”(W)/OPT:10”+6”(W)
Turret
Type:Hydraulic
Number of tool stations:10 pcs
Tool shank size:0.99x0.99
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø1.58 inch
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Sub Spindle motor power:5.5/7.5 Kw Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Capacity
Paired with: BMT65 Turret
Max. Swing over bed:Ø23.62 inch
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø17.72 inch
Max.Turning diameter:Ø14.96 inch
Max. Working Length:STD:17.72 inch(8”)/17.32 inch(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:29.29 inch(8")/28.9 inch(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel:7.48+0.63 inch
Y axis travel:±1.97 inch
Z axis travel:17.72 mm
C-axis:360˚(0.001˚)
W axis travel:17.72 inch
Spindle
Spindle nose type:Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Sub Spindle:6000 rpm(A2-5)
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø3.94 inch(A2-6)/Ø4.73 inch(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø2.05 inch
Sub Spindle Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø3.15 mm
Sub Spindle Max. Bar capacity:Ø1.77 mm
Chuck size:STD:8"+6”(W)/OPT:10”+6”(W)
Turret
Type:Live-tooling
Number of tool stations:12 pcs
Tool shank size:0.99x0.99
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø1.58 inch
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Sub Spindle motor power:5.5/7.5 Kw Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
Paired with: BMT65 Turret
Max. Swing over bed:Ø23.62 inch
Max. Swing over saddle:Ø17.72 inch
Max.Turning diameter:Ø14.96 inch
Max. Working Length:STD:17.72 inch(8”)/17.32 inch(OPT:10")
Distance between centers:29.29 inch(8")/28.9 inch(OPT:10")
Travel
X axis travel:7.48+0.63 inch
Y axis travel:±1.97 inch
Z axis travel:17.72 mm
C-axis:360˚(0.001˚)
W axis travel:17.72 inch
Spindle
Spindle nose type:Spindle nose type:A2-6/A2-8(OPT)
Max. Spindle speed:50~4,500(A2-6) rpm/50~3,500(OPT:A2-8) rpm
Sub Spindle:6000 rpm(A2-5)
Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø3.94 inch(A2-6)/Ø4.73 inch(OPT:A2-8)
Max. Bar capacity:Ø2.05 inch
Sub Spindle Front bearing I.D of spindle:Ø3.15 mm
Sub Spindle Max. Bar capacity:Ø1.77 mm
Chuck size:STD:8"+6”(W)/OPT:10”+6”(W)
Turret
Type:Live-tooling
Number of tool stations:12 pcs
Tool shank size:0.99x0.99
Max. Boring bar Dia.:Ø1.58 inch
Motor
Main spindle motor power:15/18.5 Kw
Sub Spindle motor power:5.5/7.5 Kw Feed motor:3.0 Kw
Power turret motor:3.7/5.5 Kw
Hydraulic oil pump:1.5 HP
Coolant pump:0.85 Kw
Chip conveyor:0.2 Kw
Power requirement:30 KVA
CS-Axis Function
The CS-axis function in combination with the live tooling turret enable the machine to perform milling, drilling and tapping operations with only a single setup.
CS-axis is equipped with a rotary encoder for high orientating accuracy.
Y-Axis Function
The Y-axis features a lightweight structure and is directly driven by a servo for high positioning accuracy.
Box ways on the Y-axis help to increase stability during cutting.
Y-axis travel is 100mm (±50mm), allowing for machining various workpieces with high efficiency.
Sub-Spindle
The sub-spindle can pick the workpiece directly from the main spindle by programming, allowing for machining of the other side of the workpiece. This saves machining time as the spindle oes not stop for loading or unloading the workpiece.